![]() ![]() The results obtained so far have shown that in addition to the phases of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), or to antecedent cold events, there were glacial readvances/standstills even during the late Pleistocene deglaciation. As concerns Balkan glaciations, after the work of Kolčakovski (1999), the mountains of North Macedonia have only recently been studied in more detail, ( Gromig et al., 2018 Ribolini et al., 2018 Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger et al., 2020 Temovski et al., 2018 Žebre et al., 2019). (2020) reviewed the glacial history of the mountain of Greece and proposed some chronological correlations with glacial phases described for the surrounding regions. ![]() Various authors later reported on glacial remains throughout the Balkans, but only recently has it been possible to establish the phases of glacial advance and retreat, thanks to some chronological constraints (e.g. The first records of Pleistocene glaciation in the Balkan Peninsula come from Cvijić, who identified many glacial forms when he explored the Šara Mountain (Ljuboten, 2499 m a.s.l.), in 1891 ( Cvijić, 1917). Many authors have investigated the amplitude and timing of Quaternary glacial phases in Mediterranean mountains (e.g. and references therein), as evidenced by many glacial landforms and deposits. Several glacial phases occurred during the Quaternary in the Mediterranean mountains (Hughes, 2011 Hughes & Woodward, 2017. This sensitivity makes it possible to analyse paleo-glacier oscillations to study paleoclimate, and also to foresee the consequences of modern climate changes ( Haeberli & Beniston, 1998 Huss & Fischer, 2016 Oerlemans, 2001). Small glaciers at mid-latitudes, like those developed in the Mediterranean mountains, are very sensitive to climate changes and their responses to environmental variations are very rapid and can be recorded. ![]()
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